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Transport of bacterial cell (

Wei Fan, Qi Li, Mingxin Huo, Xiaoyu Wang, Shanshan Lin

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1242-0

Abstract: . • E. coli cells within different recharge water displayed different spreading risks.The dwelling process in recharge pond imposed physiologic stress on Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells,in all three types of investigated recharge water resources and the cultivation of E. coli under varyingThe E. coli cells in rainfall recharge water displayed the highest mobility (least retention), followedThe findings of this study contribute to an improved understanding of E. coli transport in actual AGR

Keywords： Artificial groundwater recharge     <i>E. colii>     Transport     Simulated column experiments     Modeling    

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Deposition of copper nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with poly (acrylic acid) and their antimicrobial application in water treatment

Li SHENG,Shuhang HUANG,Minghao SUI,Lingdian ZHANG,Lei SHE,Yong CHEN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 625-633 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0711-8

Abstract: A novel hybrid material, Cu-PAA/MWCNTs (copper nanoparticles deposited multiwalled carbon nanotubes with poly (acrylic acid) as dispersant, was prepared and expected to obtain a more effective and well-dispersed disinfection material for water treatment. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to characterize the Cu-PAA/MWCNTs. ( ) was employed as the target bacteria. The cell viability determination and fluorescence imaging results demonstrated that Cu-PAA/MWCNTs possessed strong antimicrobial ability on . The deposited Cu was suggested to play an important role in the antimicrobial action of Cu-PAA/MWCNTs.

Keywords： multiwalled carbon nanotubes     copper nanoparticles     antimicrobial activity     <i>Escherichia colii> (<i>E. coili>)    

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Sustainable intensification of agriculture in Africa

SCHUT, Ken E. GILLER

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 371-375 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020357

Abstract: Sustainable intensification is a key component of agricultural development in Africa, urgently needed to wean the continent off foreign food supply and to limit agricultural farmland expansion. It is expected that a relatively small fraction of farmers will adopt fertilizer technology, as profits in current economic settings are relatively small while risks are considerable with varying prices and uncertain yield responses. Many smallholders depend on off-farm income and local markets for food supply. Structural adjustments are therefore needed to allow management of larger units of land by trained farmers willing to take this opportunity, while recognizing land right sensitivities. There are large opportunities for African commodity crops to improve food security, including cassava and East African highland banana that strongly respond to fertilizer with limited environmental risks under good management. This requires investments in better functioning markets, local fertilizer production facilities that can produce regional crop blends and cost-efficient distribution networks, providing balanced fertilizers for African farmers.

Keywords： Green Revolution     <i>Manihot esculentai>     <i>Musa acuminatai>     sub-Saharan Africa    

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Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Christine C. Nguyen, Cody N. Hugie, Molly L. Kile, Tala Navab-Daneshmand

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1129-0

Abstract:

<i>P. aeruginosai> and <i>E. colii> are commonly

Keywords： Zinc     Cadmium     Copper     Lead     <i>E. colii>     <i>P. aeruginosai>    

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Stress-related ecophysiology of members of the genus

Green, Pooja Singh, Puja Jasrotia, Joel E. Kostka

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1315-0

Abstract: Abstract • Rhodanobacter spp. are dominant in acidic, high nitrate and metal contaminated sites. • Dominance of Rhodanobacter is likely due to tolerance to low pH and heavy metals. • High organic content increases stress tolerance capacity. • Longer incubation time is critical for accurate assessment of MIC (various stresses). This work examines the physiologic basis of stress tolerance in bacterial strains of the genus Rhodanobacter that dominate in the acidic and highly metal contaminated near-source subsurface zone of the Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge (ORIFRC) site. Tolerance of R. denitrificans to levels of different stresses were studied in synthetic groundwater medium and R2A broth. Two strains of R. denitrificans, strains 2APBS1T and 116-2, tolerate low to circumneutral pH (4–8), high Uranium (1 mmol/L), elevated levels of nitrate (400 mmol/L) and high NaCl (2.5%). A combination of physiologic traits, such as growth at low pH, increased growth in the presence of high organics concentration, and tolerance of high concentrations of nitrate, NaCl and heavy metals is likely responsible for dominance of Rhodanobacter at the ORIFRC site. Furthermore, extended incubation times and use of low carbon media, better approximating site groundwater conditions, are critical for accurate determination of stress responses. This study expands knowledge of the ecophysiology of bacteria from the genus Rhodanobacter and identifies methodological approaches necessary for acquiring accurate tolerance data.

Keywords： <i>Rhodanobacteri>     Uranium     Nitrate     Metals     Stress tolerance    

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Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

Lawlor, Gillian E. Gardiner, Yan Jiang, Paul Cormican, Matthew S. McCabe, Xinmin Zhan

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0923-9

Abstract: This study assessed the effects of reducing hydraulic retention times (HRTs) from 21 days to 10.5 days when anaerobically co-digesting pig manure and food waste. Continuously stirred tank reactors of 3.75 L working volume were operated in triplicate at 42°C. Digester HRT was progressively decreased from 21 to 15 days to 10.5 days, with an associated increase in organic loading rate (OLR) from 3.1 kg volatile solids (VS)·m ·day to 5.1 kg VS·m ·day to 7.25 kg VS·m ·day . Reducing HRT from 21 days to 15 days caused a decrease in specific methane yields and VS removal rates. Operation at a HRT of 10.5 days initially resulted in the accumulation of isobutyric acid in each reactor. High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this increase coincided with a shift in acidogenic bacterial populations, which most likely resulted in the increased isobutyric acid concentrations. This may in turn have caused the increase in relative abundance of bacteria, which syntrophically degrade non-acetate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) into H and CO . This, along with the increase in abundance of other syntrophic VFA oxidizers, such as suggests that VFA oxidation plays a role in digester operation at low HRTs. Reducing the HRT to below 21 days compromised the ability of the anaerobic digestion system to reduce enteric indicator organism counts below regulatory limits.

Keywords： Biogas     Sequencing     <i>Clocamonaceaei>     <i>Spiorchatetesi>     Isobutyrate     Biosafety    

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Mobile CRISPR-Cas9 based anti-phage system in E. coli

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 8,   Pages 1281-1289 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2141-7

Abstract: <i>Escherichia colii> is one of the most important microbial cell factories, but infection by bacteriophagesHere, we developed a mobile CRISPR-Cas9 based anti-phage system for bacteriophages defense in <i>E. colii> Two conjugative plasmids pGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) and pGM2 carrying one and two guide RNAs, respectivelyFor preventing phage infection in <i>E. colii>, the pGM2 decreased the phage infection rate to 0.1%These results support the potential application of MCBAS in <i>E. colii> cell factories to defend against

Keywords： phage infections     anti-phage     CRISPR-Cas9     conjugative transfer     synthetic biology    

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Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

Kyle E. MURRAY,Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ,Enos C. INNISS,Frank G. HEALY,Adria A. BODOUR

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 39-49 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0699-0

Abstract: Microorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastructure including groundwater wells. Sessile-state microorganisms may build up on well surfaces as biofilms and, if excessive, cause biofouling that reduces well productivity and water quality. Conditions can be improved using biocides and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the continuous introduction of microorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenance approaches are desirable for reducing biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfection-by-products. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of alternative treatments for inactivating microorganisms comprising biofilms. A novel approach was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel coupons suspended from ‘chandeliers’. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantified through cultivation. Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide (H O ), ozone (O ) and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-scale treatments. Microbial inactivation was assessed by comparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H O was the most effective treatment, and decreased density below baseline by as much as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effective for the well having a lower density biofilm, decreasing density below baseline by as much as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and common aquifer source, which suggests that microbiological communities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from which they originate.

Keywords： well rehabilitation     aquifer     biofouling     hydrogen peroxide     sustainability    

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Novel perspective for urban water resource management:

Zhiqiang Zhang, Jian Zhang, Hongbin Chen, Xuejun Bi, Xiaohu Dai, Siqing Xia, Lisa Alvarez-Cohen, Bruce E.

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1308-z

Abstract: Abstract • 5R (Recover, Reduce, Recycle, Resource and Reuse) approaches to manage urban water. • 5R harvests storm water, gray water and black water in several forms. • 5R offers promise for moving solutions for urban water scarcity in practice. Demand for water is expanding with increases in population, particularly in urban areas in developing countries. Additionally, urban water system needs a novel perspective for upgradation with urbanization. This perspective presents a novel 5R approach for managing urban water resources: Recover (storm water), Reduce (toilet flushing water), Recycle (gray water), Resource (black water), and Reuse (advanced-treated wastewater). The 5R generation incorporates the latest ideas for harvesting storm water, gray water, and black water in its several forms. This paper has briefly demonstrated each R of 5R generation for water treatment and reuse. China has the chance to upgrade its urban water systems according to 5R principles. Already, a demonstration project of 5R generation has been installed in Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition, and Dalian International Convention Center (China) has applied 5R, achieving over 70% water saving. The 5R offers promise for moving solutions for urban water scarcity from “hoped for in the future” to “realistic today”.

Keywords： <i>5Ri> generation     Recover     Reduce     Recycle     Resource     Reuse    

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Dual enzyme activated fluorescein based fluorescent probe

Odyniec, Jordan E. Gardiner, Adam C. Sedgwick, Xiao-Peng He, Steven D. Bull, Tony D. James

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 117-121 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1785-9

Abstract: A simple dual analyte fluorescein-based probe ( ) was synthesised containing -glucosidase ( -glc) and hydrogen peroxide (H O ) trigger units. The presence of -glc, resulted in fragmentation of the parent molecule releasing glucose and the slightly fluorescent mono-boronate fluorescein ( ). Subsequently, in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx), the released glucose was catalytically converted to D-glucono- -lactone, which produced H O as a by-product. The GOx-produced H O resulted in classic H O -mediated boronate oxidation and the release of the highly emissive fluorophore, fluorescein. This unique cascade reaction lead to an 80-fold increase in fluorescence intensity.

Keywords： chemosensors     dual-activation     GOx     fluorescence     <i>βi>-glucosidase     molecular logic    

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Recycling polymeric waste from electronic and automotive sectors into value added products

Veena Choudhary, Rita Khanna, Romina Cayumil, Muhammad Ikram-ul-Haq, Veena Sahajwalla, Shiva Kumar I.Angadi, Ganapathy E. Paruthy, Partha S. Mukherjee, Miles Park

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0991-x

Abstract: The environmentally sustainable disposal and recycling of ever increasing volumes of electronic waste has become global waste management issue. The addition of up to 25% polymeric waste PCBs (printed circuit boards) as fillers in polypropylene (PP) composites was partially successful: while the tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of composites were enhanced, the tensile and impact strengths were found to decrease. As a lowering of impact strength can significantly limit the application of PP based composites, it is necessary to incorporate impact modifying polymers such as rubbery particles in the mix. We report on a novel investigation on the simultaneous utilization of electronic and automotive rubber waste as fillers in PP composites. These composites were prepared by using 25 wt.% polymeric PCB powder, up to 9% of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), and PP: balance. The influence of EPR on the structural, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of PP/PCB/EPR composites was investigated. While the addition of EPR caused the nucleation of the β crystalline phase of PP, the onset temperature for thermal degradation was found to decrease by 8%. The tensile modulus and strength decreased by 16% and 19%, respectively; and the elongation at break increased by ~71%. The impact strength showed a maximum increase of ~18% at 7 wt.%–9 wt.% EPR content. Various rheological properties were found to be well within the range of processing limits. This novel eco-friendly approach could help utilize significant amounts of polymeric electronic and automotive waste for fabricating valuable polymer composites.

Keywords： E-waste     Polymer composites     Recycling     Rubber     Waste PCBs     Filler    

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Dispersion-engineered wideband low-profile metasurface antennas Review Articles

Wei E. I. LIU, Zhi Ning CHEN, Xianming QING

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 27-38 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900473

Abstract: A metasurface (MTS) can be characterized in terms of dispersion properties of guided waves and surface waves. By engineering the rich dispersion relations, setting particular boundary conditions, and selecting proper excitation schemes, multiple adjacent resonance modes can be excited to realize the wideband operation of low-profile MTS antennas. We introduce the op-erating principles of typical dispersion-engineered MTS antennas, and review the recent progress in dispersion-engineered MTS antenna technology. The miniaturization, circular polarization, beam-scanning, and other functionalities of MTS antennas are discussed. The recent development of MTS antennas has not only provided promising solutions to the wideband and low-profile antenna design but also proven great potential of MTS in developing innovative antenna technologies.

Keywords： Metasurface antenna     Dispersion engineering     Composite right/left-handed (CRLH)     Guided wave     Surface wave     Wideband     Low profile    

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Experimental evaluation and simulation of volumetric shrinkage and warpage on polymeric composite short natural fibers reinforced injection molded

SANTOS,Jorge I. FAJARDO,Alvaro R. CUJI,Jaime A. GARCÍA,Luis E. GARZÓN,Luis M. LÓPEZ

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 287-293 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0346-x

Abstract:

A polymeric natural fiber-reinforced composite is developed by extrusion and injection molding process. The shrinkage and warpage of high-density polyethylene reinforced with short natural fibers of Guadua angustifolia Kunth are analyzed by experimental measurements and computer simulations. Autodesk Moldflow® and Solid Works® are employed to simulate both volumetric shrinkage and warpage of injected parts at different configurations: 0 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.% reinforcing on shrinkage and warpage behavior of polymer composite. Become evident the restrictive effect of reinforcing on the volumetric shrinkage and warpage of injected parts. The results indicate that volumetric shrinkage of natural composite is reduced up to 58% with fiber increasing, whereas the warpage shows a reduction form 79% to 86% with major fiber content. These results suggest that it is a highly beneficial use of natural fibers to improve the assembly properties of polymeric natural fiber-reinforced composites.

Keywords： biocomposite     natural fiber     shrinkage     simulation     warpage    

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Anti-β glycoprotein I antibodies in complex with β2 glycoprotein I induce platelet activation via tworeceptors: apolipoprotein E receptor 2' and glycoprotein I bα

Wenjing Zhang,Fei Gao,Donghe Lu,Na Sun,Xiaoxue Yin,Meili Jin,Yanhong Liu

Frontiers of Medicine 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 76-84 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0426-7

Abstract:

Anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GP I ) antibodies are importantWe examined the involvement of the apolipoprotein E receptor 2' (apoER2') and glycoprotein Iba (GP I bα) in platelet activation induced by the anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex.The interaction between the anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex and platelets

Keywords： anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex     platelet     GP I bα     apoER2'     thrombosis    

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Characteristics of two transferable aminoglycoside resistance plasmids in

Chengjun Pu, Xiaoyan Gong, Ying Sun

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1119-2

Abstract:

pRKZ3 is a non-conjugative IncQ plasmid, while pKANJ7 is a conjugative IncX plasmid.

The optimal mating time of pKANJ7 varied under different conditions.

Both of the two transferable ARPs had little impact on the growth of their hosts.

A relatively high level of fitness cost was observed for pKANJ7.

The fitness cost of ARPs depended on their hosts.

Keywords： <i>Escherichia colii>     Characteristics     Aminoglycoside resistance plasmids     Transfer     Persistence    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Transport of bacterial cell (

Wei Fan, Qi Li, Mingxin Huo, Xiaoyu Wang, Shanshan Lin

Journal Article

Deposition of copper nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with poly (acrylic acid) and their antimicrobial application in water treatment

Li SHENG,Shuhang HUANG,Minghao SUI,Lingdian ZHANG,Lei SHE,Yong CHEN

Journal Article

Sustainable intensification of agriculture in Africa

SCHUT, Ken E. GILLER

Journal Article

Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Christine C. Nguyen, Cody N. Hugie, Molly L. Kile, Tala Navab-Daneshmand

Journal Article

Stress-related ecophysiology of members of the genus

Green, Pooja Singh, Puja Jasrotia, Joel E. Kostka

Journal Article

Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

Lawlor, Gillian E. Gardiner, Yan Jiang, Paul Cormican, Matthew S. McCabe, Xinmin Zhan

Journal Article

Mobile CRISPR-Cas9 based anti-phage system in E. coli

Journal Article

Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

Kyle E. MURRAY,Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ,Enos C. INNISS,Frank G. HEALY,Adria A. BODOUR

Journal Article

Novel perspective for urban water resource management:

Zhiqiang Zhang, Jian Zhang, Hongbin Chen, Xuejun Bi, Xiaohu Dai, Siqing Xia, Lisa Alvarez-Cohen, Bruce E.

Journal Article

Dual enzyme activated fluorescein based fluorescent probe

Odyniec, Jordan E. Gardiner, Adam C. Sedgwick, Xiao-Peng He, Steven D. Bull, Tony D. James

Journal Article

Recycling polymeric waste from electronic and automotive sectors into value added products

Veena Choudhary, Rita Khanna, Romina Cayumil, Muhammad Ikram-ul-Haq, Veena Sahajwalla, Shiva Kumar I.Angadi, Ganapathy E. Paruthy, Partha S. Mukherjee, Miles Park

Journal Article

Dispersion-engineered wideband low-profile metasurface antennas

Wei E. I. LIU, Zhi Ning CHEN, Xianming QING

Journal Article

Experimental evaluation and simulation of volumetric shrinkage and warpage on polymeric composite short natural fibers reinforced injection molded

SANTOS,Jorge I. FAJARDO,Alvaro R. CUJI,Jaime A. GARCÍA,Luis E. GARZÓN,Luis M. LÓPEZ

Journal Article

Anti-β glycoprotein I antibodies in complex with β2 glycoprotein I induce platelet activation via tworeceptors: apolipoprotein E receptor 2' and glycoprotein I bα

Wenjing Zhang,Fei Gao,Donghe Lu,Na Sun,Xiaoxue Yin,Meili Jin,Yanhong Liu

Journal Article

Characteristics of two transferable aminoglycoside resistance plasmids in

Chengjun Pu, Xiaoyan Gong, Ying Sun

Journal Article